Rail conditions are integral to maintaining safe operations and maintaining track speeds and on-time performance. These projects fund the refurbishment or replacement of rail and switches on the UPR. Project activities may include but are not limited to, the renewal of switch points at various locations, the replacement of switch machines, AC heaters, the replacement of turnouts, and correcting minor defects with field welding. The high density of freight and commuter traffic, including extensive express service, requires close monitoring and periodic replacement of switches, switch machines, and sections of rail.